Do sanctions strengthen the targeted regime? I analyze the 2014 imposition of Western sanctions on Russia and its impact on voting. The United States and the European Union introduced targeted measures against Russian entities and individuals related to President Putin’s regime. Using polling...

How important is a relationship with a bank to a firm’s performance and survival? If firms can easily switch among different sources of credit supply, then the loss of any one source may have little implication for the firms that have borrowed from that source. However, to the extent that...

APEE’s annual meeting explores topics related to private enterprise in an atmosphere that respects free-market approaches. Presentations reflect the latest research in fields such as regulation, public choice, microeconomics, and Austrian economics, as well as development of innovative...

APEE’s annual meeting explores topics related to private enterprise in an atmosphere that respects market approaches. Presentations reflect the latest research in fields such as regulation, public choice, microeconomics, and Austrian economics, as well as development of instructional...

The subject of the conference is "Political Economy: The Different Progress of Opulence" APEE’s annual meeting explores topics related to private enterprise in an atmosphere that respects market approaches. Presentations reflect the latest research in fields such as regulation, public choice,...

The theme of this meeting is "Liberty and Security: Tensions, Risks, and Challenges" APEE's annual meeting explores topics related to private enterprise in an atmosphere that respects market approaches. Presentations reflect the latest research in fields such as regulation, public choice,...

APEE invites papers on any topic; some sessions, however, will be devoted to this year's theme: “ Wither Leviathan? Changing Roles for the State. ” APEE scholars have developed economic, historical, philosophical, and political analyses of the state across a broad range of time, place, and...