Pittau, M. Grazia; Zelli, Roberto - 2018
This paper proposes a model-based approach to estimate income boundaries for identifying the middle class in Kazakhstan … influence the self-perception of being in the middle class, income is by far the most important determinant. Benchmarking on … 2013, the estimated middle class lower bound is USD 14 at 2011 purchasing power parity and the upper bound is USD 52. The …