Zhang, Caiping; Jiang, Jiuchun; Zhang, Weige; Sharkh, … - In: Energies 5 (2012) 4, pp. 1098-1115
A robust extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed as a method for estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An equivalent circuit model of the battery, including its electromotive force (EMF) hysteresis characteristics and...