Bos, Iwan; Wandschneider, Frederick - In: Applied Economics Letters 20 (2013) 11, pp. 1100-1103
Cartel ringleaders can apply for amnesty in some jurisdictions (e.g., the EU), whereas in others they are excluded (e.g., the US). This note shows that ringleader exclusion loosens the incentive constraint of regular cartel members and tightens or loosens the incentive constraint of ringleaders....