connection between cognitive skills of parents and their children by exploiting within-family between-subject variation in these … close at about 0.1. Finally, we show the strong influence of family skill transmission on children's choices of STEM fields. …

increasing the informational content of grades, central exams may improve the sorting of students by productivity. To test this …, we exploit the unique German setting where students from states with and without central exams work on the same labor …

positive effects of central exams on achievement tests, previous research on university-bound students shows no effects on … subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor … that central exams are indeed associated with higher earnings for students from school types directly bound for the labor …

arise through the strategic behavior of students and teachers, which may not affect human capital accumulation in the long … central exams positively affect adult skills. However, our estimates are small compared to the existing estimates for students …

We study whether female students benefit from being taught by female professors, and whether such gender match effects … larger classes. This difference suggests that direct and frequent interactions between students and professors are important … increase performance of female students. …