environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992 - 2002, we assess whether family … gap in neonatal health. We conclude that the gender gap among black children is larger than among white children in … substantial part because black children are raised in more disadvantaged families. …

a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and … their younger siblings. The policy improves test scores of both children while the spillover is up to 30% of the target … child effect size. The effects are particularly pronounced in families where one of the children is disabled, for boys, and …

are generally non-negligible. They also differ rather widely for the various cohort/income groups. Our stochastic …