The COVID19 crisis has hit labor markets. School and child-care closures have put families with children in challenging … situations. We look at Germany and quantify the macroeconomic importance of working parents. We document that 26 percent of the … German workforce have children aged 14 or younger and estimate that 11 percent of workers and 8 percent of all working hours …

, Germany exhibited substantial variation by grade level, with a strong U-shaped patterns that implies that children attending … closures on average lead to a reduction of life-time earnings of –1.7% for the affected children. While the overall losses are …