We develop a multi-agent model of the education production function where investments of students, parents, and … survey data and a mandate to randomly assign students to classrooms. Consistent with our model, we show that exposure to …

-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

ideal for investigating this question. There, students are placed in exam schools based on a high-stakes national … large achievement gains and improved university placements for high achieving students. …

-random distribution of teachers and students among classrooms within schools. We find compelling evidence that teacher credentials affect … distribution of teacher credentials by race and socio-economic status of high school students -- a pattern we also document …

and students' cognitive and socio-emotional development. The German panel evidence shows that children's learning time …If school closures and social-distancing experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic impeded children's skill development …, they may leave a lasting legacy in human capital. To understand the pandemic's effects on school children, this paper …

Children starting school at older ages consistently exhibit better educational outcomes. In this paper, we underscore … relatively younger children to special needs services. The effect is persistent throughout compulsory schooling, resulting in …

Growing concerns over the achievement of U.S. students have led to proposals to reward good teachers and penalize (or … students' test scores into components attributed to student heterogeneity and to teacher quality. Implicit in the VAM approach … are strong assumptions about the nature of the educational production function and the assignment of students to …