During the last 40 years, economics of innovation has emerged as a distinct area of enquiry at the crossing of the …, elaboration and evolution of different fields of analysis in economic theory, innovation is viewed as a complex, path …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …