using scores from IQ tests taken outside of school, at the time of military enrolment, and measured when students are around …

using scores from IQ tests taken outside of school, at the time of military enrolment, and measured when students are around …

month of Ramadan on their children's test scores at age seven. Using English register data, we find that scores are .05 to … .08 standard deviations lower for Pakistani and Bangladeshi students exposed to Ramadan in early pregnancy. These …