More able parents tend to have more able children. While few would question the validity of this statement, there is … estimated elasticity of intergenerational transmission of income of approximately .2. -- Ability ; intergenerational mobility …

of children from poorer families. -- birth weight ; twins ; education ; IQ ; earnings …

, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic … these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are … this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school …