This study examines the extent to which financing constraints affect the research and development (R&D) expenditure of Indian manufacturing firms during the period 1991–2011. Using dynamic R&D investment model, we find significant positive relationship between a firm's R&D expenditure and...

This study examines the extent to which financing constraints affect the research and development (R&D) expenditure of Indian manufacturing firms during the period 1991–2011. Using dynamic R&D investment model, we find significant positive relationship between a firm's R&D expenditure and...

A distinct feature of many of the economies is the presence of business group (BG) firms. These group affiliated firms are known by various names such as Keiretsu in Japan, Chaebol in Korea, Jituanqiye in Taiwan, grupos economics in Latin America, business houses in India. Even though there are...

Increased integration between the developed and developing countries has seen substantial decrease in trade-related barriers. In addition, there is a debate that developing countries tend to lower the environmental standards to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI). In this context, the...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to enhance our understanding of effects of International Clearing Unions on the exchange market pressure (EMP). Using Asian Clearing Union (ACU) as an example of a typical International Clearing Union, the authors infers that ACU has not been very...