adoptive parents. We argue that the impact from biological parents captures broad pre-birth factors, including genes and … prenatal environment, and the impact from adoptive parents represents broad post-birth factors, such as childhood environment …, for the intergenerational association in education and income. We find that both pre- and post-birth factors contribute to …

versus snapshot parental income measures. The most predictive ages of children when family resources are measured vary by the … participation in crime. Parental financial resources partially offset deficiencies in nonpecuniary inputs to children's human …

their twenties. The iconic programs are omnibus in nature and offer many services to children and their parents. We compare … intergenerational effects on their children. A study of focused home-visiting programs that target parents enables us to isolate a …This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within …

their twenties. The iconic programs are omnibus in nature and offer many services to children and their parents. We compare … intergenerational effects on their children. A study of focused home-visiting programs that target parents enables us to isolate a …This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within …