Several studies have examined the long-run effects of public and private R&D on TFP with mixed results. A common feature of these studies is that they measure public and private R&D activity using perpetual inventory stocks of public and private R&D capital, constructed under the assumption that...

In this paper, we show, using a panel of developed countries, that there is a long-run negative association between church attendance and total factor productivity (TFP) with predictive causality running from declining church attendance to increasing factor productivity. According to our...