the indirect wage effect resulting from lower unemployment risks and shorter spells in unemployment associated with higher … accounting for the effects of unemployment on individual wages using EU-SILC data. Across countries we find a high variation of … the effect of education on unemployment duration. Overall, the returns to education are estimated to be the highest in the …

We analyze the effect of imposed benefit sanctions on the unemployment-to-employment transition of unemployed people … entitled to unemployment compensation on the basis of register data from the German Federal Employment Agency. We combine … effects diminish with the elapsed unemployment duration until a sanction is imposed. The limited use of benefit sanctions can …