Although explanations of the persistence of high unemployment in Germany, in particular long-term unemployment, have …, these factors are analyzed based on a microeconometric model of individual transitions from unemployment into employment and … dependence" arising from causal factors and "sorting" effects due to unobserved heterogeneity in the unemployment pool. I also …

between employment, unemployment and non-participation in the labour force at the individual level are derived from panel data …-state or 'equilibrium' unemployment rates for various groups of the labour force. It is shown that these differ greatly between …