This paper formulates and estimates multistage production functions for children's cognitive and noncognitive skills … investment in children compared to later remediation. We establish nonparametric identification of a general class of production … targeting of interventions to children with different parental and personal birth endowments. Substitutability decreases in …

induces some students to drop out of school. The GED program is unique to the United States and Canada, but provides policy …

internal rates of return that take into account tuition costs, income taxes and nonlinearities in the earnings …

of return that takes into account tuition, income taxes and forms of uncertainty. We also contrast estimates based on a …

emergence of differentials in abilities between children of advantaged families and children of disadvantaged families, (c) the …

. Most of the gaps in college attendance and delay are determined by early family factors. Children from better families and … with high ability earn higher returns to schooling. We find only a limited role for tuition policy or family income …

forecastable at the time students decide to go to college (heterogeneity) and components that are unforecastable. About 60% of …