effectiveness and efficiency of national and European innovation policies. Building on the literature on the knowledge production … regions. Our main research question is whether geographical proximity and social capital are important vehicles of knowledge …

knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) to regional innovation has emerged. Most of these papers adopt a national …There is a rich debate in the innovation literature about to what extent innovation has become an international (or … fact that knowledge is commonly tied to personal capabilities; it has a clear geographical component. In the case of …

sources of knowledge (ISK) as innovation performance drivers. Thus, context-led views such as the innovative milieux approach …, innovation systems literature and the knowledge spillover view have tended to focus on diverse, informal and location …-facilitated sources of knowledge. Meanwhile, firm-led perspectives such as the innovator networks approach and the open innovation model …