-based admissions practices and the effect such preferences have on the quality of schools in which minority students enroll, graduation … argue these bans are very informative about how affirmative action affects URM students. Finally, we discuss the evidence on …

-prepared students while other institutions are better at graduating less-prepared students and that these matching effects are … of minority students, explaining 18% of the graduation rate increase in our preferred specification. Further …, universities appear to have responded to Prop 209 by investing more in their students, explaining between 23-64% of the graduation …

We argue that once we take into account the students' rational enrollment decisions, mismatch in the sense that the … possess private information about students' post-enrollment treatment effects. This necessary condition for mismatch provides … private information that is a statistically significant predictor of the students' post-enrollment academic performance. We …