This paper documents disparities in cognitive development-as measured by a receptive vocabulary test-between children …

children's reports of family or home characteristics rather than information provided by their parents. There is a well … socioeconomic gradients in children's cognitive abilities across countries. Socioeconomic status is typically measured drawing on …'s occupation, parental education, and the number of books in the family home. Our results suggest that children's reports of their …

development and socio-economic development gaps. For children born before January 1, 2007, parental leave benefits were means …-tested and paid for up to 24 months after childbirth. For children born thereafter, parental leave benefits were earnings …-related and only paid for up to 14 months. Higher-income households benefited more from the reform than low-income households. We …

of children: (i) parenting styles defined by the extent of warmth and control parents employ in raising children, and (ii …) neighborhood quality. Based on a representative sample of 2,119 parents in the United States, I show that parents perceive large … leveraging beliefs measured in two different domains, and show that parents' perceived returns relate to their actual parenting …

scores, and sizable effects on college attendance and enrollment at more selective institutions, in particular for low-income … children. Our findings suggest that parental time investments are neutral to early skills gaps, while monetary investments are …

benefits from exposure to "privileged" peers accrue mainly to "disadvantaged" students. These benefits decline when the …