assumptions information about energy expenditures, knowledge spillovers and the parameters governing the R&D process are …

contributes to an economic exposition of China's potential transition from an energy-intensive to an innovation-led growth path … capital investment and incentives of capital stock accumulation rather than R&D-related innovation. Accumulation of energy …-consuming capital stock along this non-innovation-led growth path thus leads to an intensive use of fossil energy - an energy …

This paper analyzes the effect of environmental policies on the direction of energy innovation across countries over … second regime, market-based policies are moderately effective in promoting renewable innovation, while command …-and-control policies depress fossil based innovation. Finally, market-based policies are more effective to consolidate a green comparative …

, its risk profile, industry networks and dominant practices. Innovation and integration of digital technology are both … important because of their potential to promote development by spurring innovation, improving efficiency and increasing … inclusion. This paper explores how these mechanisms - innovation, inclusion and efficiency - have been integral to microfinance …

technical change framework. Unilateral policies alter the structure of production and thereby innovation incentives across … countries. Whenever feasible, optimal policies implement sustainable growth by directing global innovation to the nonpolluting … sector. If nonparticipants drive global innovation, this requires policies relocating clean production to nonparticipants. A …