The paper explores the role of institutional mechanisms in generating technological knowledge spillovers. The … and unpatented innovations, whereas prizes are less effective in generating external benefits from knowledge spillovers. I …

. Accordingly, this paper offers an empirical comparison of patents in relation to the award of prizes for technological innovation … unpredictable, and was unrelated to such proxies for the productivity of the innovation as inventive capital or the commercial …

a model of endogenous growth with frictions. Productivity increases with knowledge, which advances via innovation, and …The generation and implementation of ideas, or knowledge, is crucial for economic performance. We study this process in … characterize optimal policies to subsidize research and trade in ideas, given both knowledge and search externalities. We discuss …

change and innovation has radically changed the living standards of the citizens of the US in the past 150 years. Lying … the presence of post offices in a county, on innovation. We show that between 1804 and 1899, the time when the US became …

encouragement of creation and innovation. Optimal policy depends on the quantitative strength of these two forces. We give a …

innovation. We identify significant patents based on textual similarity of a given patent to previous and subsequent work: these … aggregate, sectoral, and firm level. Our technology indices span two centuries (1840-2010) and cover innovation by private and …

, despite sustained progress in scientific knowledge, recent productivity growth in the U.S. has been disappointing. We review … major changes in the American innovation ecosystem over the past century. The past three decades have been marked by a … growing division of labor between universities focusing on research and large corporations focusing on development. Knowledge …

capacity allocated to investment in innovative industrial and commercial knowledge – as a distinct channel through which firm …