This paper investigates the link between sovereign ratings and macroeconomic fundamentals for a group of euro area … countries which recorded rating downgrades amid the euro area sovereign debt crisis. We apply an elaborated econometric … estimation technique, based on a Bayesian ordered probit model, to understand how the decisions of rating agencies can be …

This paper uses a unique dataset where credit rejections experienced by euro area firms are matched with firm and bank … the euro area during the sovereign debt crisis, and in credit developments characterising the post-crisis recovery … representation of euro area firms of small and medium size. Our findings suggest that, while firm balance sheet factors have been …

In this paper we propose a composite indicator that measures multidimensional sovereign bond market stress in the euro … area as a whole and in individual euro area member states. It integrates measures of credit risk, volatility and liquidity … eleven euro area member states and also present four options of a SovCISS for the entire monetary union. In addition, we …