We study the relationships between corporate R&D and three components of public science: knowledge, human capital, and … established firms, which account for more than three-quarters of business R&D, is affected by scientific knowledge produced by … innovation in firms. However, inventions from universities and public research institutes substitute for corporate inventions and …

, and reallocation of capital. This finding applies mainly for obsolescence of core innovation and embodied innovation, and … profits of obsolescent firms. The measure contains incremental information about firm innovation relative to measures focusing … on new innovation …

We study the optimal allocation of R&D resources in an endogenous growth model with an innovation network, through … more R&D toward key sectors that are upstream in the innovation network. Second, we extend to an open-economy setting and … illustrate an incentive for countries to free-ride on fundamental technologies: an economy more reliant on foreign knowledge …

anecdotal. This paper provides direct quantitative evidence showing that how innovation and design work was done changed … fundamentally during the Industrial Revolution. This change was characterized by the professionalization of innovation and design …

and production of financial innovation. We use machine learning to identify the financial patents and extensively audit … the results to ensure their reasonableness. We find that patented financial innovation is substantial and economically … financial sector, which collectively accounted for 69% of the awards. The location of innovation has shifted, with banks moving …