indicators could support both endogenous and neoclassical growth theories in the convergence debate. This paper investigates … convergence in real per capita GDP and inequality adjusted human development in 38 African countries, disaggregated into 10 … is that the income component of the human development index moves slower than others in the convergence process and thus …

the beta catch-up and sigma convergence to compare dispersions in output per worker, total factor productivity and ….70% per annum with corresponding time to full catch-up of 25.38 years and 26.01 years respectively. Third, we find sigma-convergence …