We present a novel theory that immigrants facilitate innovation and entrepreneurship by being willing and able to … observationally equivalent natives. Areas with large numbers of immigrants may therefore lead to more entrepreneurship and innovation …

We present a novel theory that immigrants facilitate innovation and entrepreneur-ship by being willing and able to … observationally equivalent natives. Areas with large numbers of im-migrants may therefore lead to more entrepreneurship and innovation …

, where education increases the level of entrepreneurship. Human capital spillovers occur at the city level because skilled … productivity or entrepreneurship, not with growth in quality of life, at least outside of theWest. We also find that skills seem to …