This paper surveys the recent literature exploring the causes of urban pollution in the developing world and the … implications of such pollution for a city's competitiveness. Within a system of cities, cities compete for jobs and people. Those … pollution inhibit urban competitiveness? Second, why is this effect likely to grow in importance over time? Third, why have …

This paper explores the links between city competitiveness and air pollution and the business environment. Because … increasing pollution levels and the effects of agglomeration economies. The analysis finds two interesting results. First, the … negative association between air pollution and firm performance can be seen at lower than expected levels of pollution. Second …