, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal, over the sample period 1999-2016, i.e., the EMU period. The main … expansions in the small Euro-area open economies affected by high public and private debt. It is shown that the macroeconomic … outcome of fiscal shocks is strongly related to debt levels. The Euro-area countries included in the investigation are Greece …

.K., Japan, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, Ireland, Denmark …

, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The national contributions are preceded by an … Union (EMU). This book offers an overview of the social security system and its development in Belgium, Denmark, France …