We study the effect of financial crises on hedge fund risk. Using a regime-switching beta model, we separate systematic and idiosyncratic components of hedge fund exposure. The systematic exposure to various risk factors is conditional on market volatility conditions. We find that in the...

Unions compress the wage distribution among workers covered by union contracts. We ask whether unions also have an effect on the mangers of unionized firms. To this end we collected and assembled data on unionization and managerial pay within firms and industries in the US and across countries....