In the contemporary world the development of every country is based not only on the utilization of domestic factors but also, on a larger and larger scale, on external factors. The basic prerequisites for their effective use are the openness of a given economy and its competitiveness. In the...

Greece has applied for membership in the European Communities on June 13, 1975, Portugal on March 28, 1977, and Spain in the same year on July 28. With the treaties signed in the meantime Greece has become the tenth member country since January 1, 1981, while Portugal and Spain have become the...

Net investment plays a crucial role for the economic development of a country. It contributes to the growth of real income and to the supply of jobs. Therefore, in view of sluggish growth and rising unemployment in Germany, the government as well as the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Council of...