them remained below the poverty line notwithstanding this increase. In fact, there is a wide spread deterioration in the …

poverty from rural areas to large cities. First, a simple bifurcation of population in terms of poor and non-poor sub …-groups is examined along with the incidence of poverty across different categories of occupations and non-workers. Then, an … merely transfer rural poverty to urban areas, and further that population mobility yields improvement in the living standard …