Monetary policy in Yemen is largely rudimentary and ad hoc in nature. The Central Bank of Yemen's (CBY) approach has been based on discretionary targeting of broad money without any clear target to anchor inflation expectations. This paper argues in favor of a new formal monetary policy...

In the past decades, much work has been geared toward solving the problem of time inconsistency in monetary policy and analyzing the coordination problem between fiscal and monetary policy. This paper provides a review of the theoretical background to these theories, while also focusing on their...

As China's economy becomes more market based and continues its rapid integration into the global economy, having an independent and effective monetary policy regime oriented to domestic objectives will become increasingly important. Employing modern principles of monetary policy in light of the...

This paper develops stylized facts about the inflation process in developing countries, focusing particularly on the relationship between the exchange rate regime and the sources of inflation. Using annual data from 1964 to 1998 for 53 developing countries, we find that money growth and exchange...

This paper investigates the exchange rate responses to inflation in Bangladesh during the period from 1972-73 to 1999. Both annual and monthly data are used in the investigation. The results suggest that past consumer price inflation generally led to currency devaluation, measured as a decline...

The staff report on Guatemala’s 2009 Article IV Consultation and Second Review under the Stand-By Arrangement, and Requests for Modification of Performance Criterion and Consultation Clause are presented. There are signs that the Guatemalan economy is starting to recover. Real GDP growth...

This paper discusses key findings of the Fourth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement for Hungary. All end-September 2009 quantitative performance criteria, the continuous performance criterion on nonaccumulation of external arrears, the indicative target on central government debt, as well as...

The staff report for the Sixth Review and Inflation Consultation Under the Stand-By Arrangement on Turkey explains the macroeconomic framework and monetary and exchange rate policies. High interest rates, slowing credit growth, and election-related uncertainty were expected to weigh on private...

This paper presents the staff report for Peru’s 2008 Article IV Consultation, Fourth Review and Inflation Consultation under the Stand-By Arrangement and request for waiver of applicability of performance criteria. Peru has been liberalizing external trade through tariff reductions in...

The staff report for the 2006 Article IV Consultation on Botswana highlights economic developments and monetary and exchange rate policy. Botswana’s growth has been fueled by continued increases in diamond production; and real diamond output is projected to level off, and then decline...