We test three hypotheses regarding changes in supervisory toughness' and their effects on bank lending. The data …, affected bank lending. However, all of the measured effects are small, with 1% or less of loans receiving harsher or easier … classification, about 3% of banks receiving better or worse CAMEL ratings, and bank lending being changed by 1% or less of assets …

We investigate the relationships of bank failures and balance sheet conditions with measures of proximity to different … forms of transportation in the United States over the period from 1830-1860. A series of hazard models and bank …. Specifically, railroads facilitated better information flows about banks that led to modifications in bank asset composition …

Under the New Basel Accord bank capital adequacy rules (Pillar 1) are substantially revised but the introduction of two …

We develop a theory of bank board risk committees. With this theory, such committees are valuable even though there is … no expectation that bank risk is lower if the bank has a well-functioning risk committee. As predicted by our theory (1 …) many large and complex banks voluntarily chose to have a risk committee before the Dodd-Frank Act forced bank holding …

bank leverage and a larger shadow banking sector. At the same time, tighter regulation eliminates the subsidies to …

recession caused by other forces. Based on a VAR and new data on the sources of bank failures in the 1930s from Richardson (2007 …), we find that illiquidity shocks played a key role in explaining the bank failures during the Friedman and Schwartz …