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Policy makers use reference pricing to curb pharmaceutical expenditures by reducing coverage of expensive branded drugs. In a theoretical analysis we show that the net effect of reference pricing is generally ambiguous when accounting for entry by generic producers. Reference pricing shifts...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013285854
Regulators have long been aware of the social aspects of communication. In the past, regulated monopolists have provided Universal Service Obligations, typically funded via a system of cross-subsidies. In this paper, we first review the rationale for imposing Universal Service Obligations, based...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011409371
difficult to achieve at the same time. In this paper, we consider price regulation in the retail and wholesale market and answer … access price regulation is an effective instrument to make the entrant and consumers better off. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011409202
This paper evaluates how different lengths of entry regulation impact market structure and market performance using a … evidence that the duration of entry regulation has a negative impact on consumer surplus. We also find that entry protection …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009764443
performance changes in privatised companies in the UK. It looks at the relative roles of competition, regulation and ownership …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011402692
indirect tax burden and government regulation) on the shadow economy for Austria. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009781583
. More competition-friendly regulations, as measured by the OECDs' Product Market Regulation (PMR) indicator improve economic … businesses boost the capital stock and the employment rate. No robust link between labour market regulation and MFP and capital … deepening could be established. But looser labour market regulation is found to go hand in hand with higher employment rates …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011800715
for elderly workers in Austria. The REBP extended entitlement to regular unemployment benefits from 30 weeks to a maximum …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011409442