Real exports are commonly specified as depending on an indicator of price competitiveness and on a measure of foreign … activity. This study empirically investigates the suitability of alternative competitiveness indicators in explaining real … exports for a broad group of advanced economies. To this end, a panel cointegration analysis is conducted, augmented by a …

differ from those in an export-only model. Calibrating our model to rich firm-level data from France and Norway, our main …

competition in export markets tend to reduce investments in automation technologies. These average negative effects are driven by …

individuals who also chose to compete. I find that there is systematic heterogeneity in perception biases. In addition, both …