This study is an attempt to revisit the causal relationship between coal consumption and economic growth in case of Pakistan. The present study covers the period of 1974–2010. The direction of causality between the variables is investigated by applying the VECM Granger causality approach. Our...

This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the relationship between financial development, economic growth and poverty reduction in Bangladesh using quarter frequency data over the period of 1975–2011. This issue is of importance for developing economics given the role of...

This paper explores the relationship between electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, capital and economic growth in the case of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The Cobb–Douglas production is used over the period of 1980Q1–2010Q4. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach and found...

We contribute to the economic growth–CO2 emissions literature in the MENA region by focusing on both production and environmental functions. Adopting an original analytical framework, our empirical investigation parallels two approaches. The first one follows the studies by Lean and Smyth...

The present study investigates the causal relationship between terrorism and economic growth in Pakistan by incorporating capital and trade openness in production function. The study covers the time period of 1973–2010. The ARDL bound testing approach has been applied to cointegration to...

In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between defense spending and economic growth in Portugal during the period of 1980–2010. We apply the ARDL bounds testing approach in the presence of structural break. The ARDL–ECM estimation results disclose that the relations between...

Despite a bourgeoning literature on the existence of long run relationship between consumption of energy and economic growth, results on the direction of causality so far, remain elusive. A growing economy needs more energy, which is exacerbated by growing population. Evidence suggests that...

This paper aims to reexamine the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Kenya over the period of 1971–2011. Since the financial sector plays a vital role in mobilizing and allocating savings into productive ventures, the core issue of this investigation remains...

The present study investigates the relationship between energy (renewable and nonrenewable) consumption and economic growth using Cobb–Douglas production function in case of Pakistan over the period of 1972–2011. We have used the ARDL bounds testing and Gregory and Hansen (1990) structural...

This present study investigates the relationship between natural resource abundance and economic growth for Venezuelan economy. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) to examine its long run relationship amid the variables. The VECM...