On average, boys score higher on math achievement tests and girls score higher in reading; these gaps increase between primary and secondary school. Using PISA, PIRLS, and TIMSS data, we investigate the role of early educational tracking (sorting students into different types of secondary...

The occupational panel for Germany provides a comprehensive database for studying the development of occupations over time. It is based on the IAB Employment History (BeH), which contains all social security notifications that employers have to submit for their employees subject to social...