Both investors and borrowers are concerned about liquidity. Investors desire liquidity because they are uncertain about … when they will want to eliminate their holding of a financial asset. Borrowers are concerned about liquidity because they … compensation for the illiquidity investors will be subject to. We argue that banks can resolve these liquidity problems that arise …

We study a modification of the Diamond and Dybvig (1983) model in which the bank may hold a liquid asset, some … depositors see sunspots that could lead them to run, and all depositors have incomplete information about the bank's ability to … survive a run. The incomplete information means that the bank is not automatically incentivized to always hold enough liquid …