In recent years, assets of non-bank financial intermediaries (NBFIs) have grown significantly relative to those of …. We argue instead that NBFI and bank businesses and risks are so interwoven that they are better described as having … contingent liquidity risk from the provision of credit lines to NBFIs; and (iii) Empirical work confirms bank-NBFI linkages …

Bank branch density, defined as the number of bank branches to total deposits, has significantly declined over the past …

bank approval disparity is also larger in more racially biased counties. We conclude that insofar as automation by fintechs …

COVID-19 pandemic shock. We argue that tighter bank regulation has created incentives for nonbanks to increase their …

The traditional model of bank-led financial intermediation, where banks issue demandable deposits to savers and make …% to 13%. Additionally, the share of loans as a percentage of bank assets has fallen from 70% to 55%. We develop a …, and changes in implicit subsidies and costs of bank activities can explain these shifts. Declines in securitization cost …

actions by bank owners to change management, contract with depositors to extend liability maturity structure, write off bad … assets, and/or inject capital affected bank survival and deposit retention. This historical episode is particularly …

locations of large-bank branches have demographics typically associated with greater financial sophistication, large-bank …

Bank liquid asset holdings vary significantly across banks and through time. The determinants of liquid asset holdings …