We investigate the role of networks of military alliances in preventing or encouraging wars between groups of countries. A country is vulnerable to attack if there is some fully-allied group of countries that can defeat that country and its (remaining) allies based on a function of their...

This paper discusses the concept of toleration as it has been manifested in modern society through two contrasting processes the prevalence of group identity, and the prevalence of identity defined according to citizenship and individual rights. Referring primarily to the work of political...