This paper presents four case-studies of economies with developed regional policies; the European Union, Spain, Italy and Brazil. These cases have been chosen due to their relevance when studying regional problems in Colombia. Regional policy has performed relatively poorly in all cases since...

We start out from the hypothesis that limited government leads to low uncertainty and low transaction costs. If political institutions affect the degree of uncertainty and transaction costs, we formally show they should affect the steady state level of income per capita. The impact of...