Innovation involves implementing new or significantly improved goods and services, production processes, marketing, or organizational methods for adding value. The measurement of innovation provides a mechanism for benchmarking national performance, and for examining innovation and its relation...

Technological breakthroughs and the interplay of a number of fields, including advanced robotics, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, neurotechnology, data analytics, blockchain, cloud technology, biotechnology, Internet of Things, and 3D printing, have ushered in the Fourth Industrial...