producing employment growth and in reducing unemployment than most continental-European OECD-countries. It is argued that the … developed venture capital markets should help to alleviate such financial constraints. This view that labor-market institutions …

reducing unemployment compared to most continental European OECD countries. As a rule they have also been and are still ahead …

cyclical fluctuations are typical for both nominal and real variables, e.g. inflation and unemployment. …

cyclical fuctuations are typical for both nominal and real variables, e.g. inflation and unemployment. …

A standard model of equilibrium unemployment consists of static equations for real wage ambitions (wage curve) and real … unemployment approaches the NAIRU from any given initial value, inflation will be increasing or decreasing over time. We formalize …'s equations are re-interpretated as attractor relationships. We show that NAIRU unemployment dynamics are sufficient but not …

of weak demand can lead to rising structural unemployment and a permanently lower capital stock – the hysteresis effects …) policies to cope with hysteretic unemployment is neither necessary nor sufficient. Instead, subtler forms of hysteresis should … be taken into account. They leave some room for monetary policy to maneuver, more complex way. If long-term unemployment …

aggregate female and male unemployment rates as 'sufficient' variables for the chance element in individual employment outcomes …

aggregate female and male unemployment rates as 'sufficient' variables for the chance element in individual employment outcomes …