Chiswick, Barry R.; Miller, Paul W. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2002
Census. Earnings are shown to increase with schooling, pre-immigration experience and duration in Canada, as well as with … complementarity between language skills and both schooling and pre-immigration experience. That is, greater proficiency in the … official languages enhances the effects on earnings of schooling and pre-immigration labor market experience. Language …