Do higher wages lead to more automation innovation? To answer this question, we first use the frequency of certain … keywords in patent text to create a new measure of automation innovation in machinery. We show that our measure is correlated …-level panel analysis, we find that an increase in low-skill wages leads to more automation innovation with an elasticity between 2 …

innovation distinguishing between dirty (internal combustion engine) and clean (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …