"Artificial states are those in which political borders do not coincide with a division of nationalities desired by the people on the ground. We propose and compute for all countries in the world two new measures how artificial states are. One is based on measuring how borders split ethnic...

Paper prepared for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 1992. This essay looks at the world as a whole and examines what innovations are needed in order to enable all members of humankind to play their full role in society and to develop and exercise their...