Elasticity approach to balance of payments postulates that a country can enjoy an improvement in its trade balance in the long run if sum of import and export demand price elasticities exceed unity, a condition known as the Marshall-Lerner condition. Previous research tested this condition...

Orcutt hypothesized that trade flows respond faster to a change in the nominal exchange rate as compared to a change in relative prices. Although he recommended testing his hypothesis at commodity level, due to lack of commodity prices previous studies used aggregate trade flows of one country...

In recent years, the effects of exchange-rate risk on trade flows have been studied for numerous cases, with studies focusing on disaggregated, industry-level exports and imports for a pair of countries’ import and export volumes. This study examines the specific case of Egypt’s trade with...