or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

status. The multinomial equation that explains labour market status allows for a different effect of language knowledge on … when selection into employment status is controlled for. Therefore, the knowledge of foreign languages (in this case …