subsample of 2,949 firms from the third European Community Innovation Survey (CIS 3). A bivariate probit analysis framework is … innovation intensity. This paper also discusses an alternative test procedure that permits an extension of Cragg's test in the … analysis of survey data with weighted observations. Results show that R&D is strictly linked to product innovation, while TA is …

or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …