youth unemployment in Europe? Economic theory predicts that in the absence of perfectly competitive labour markets, changes … in the relative size of age groups will cause changes in age-specific unemployment rates. In light of the expected … areas of low unemployment, the empirical analysis employs an instrumental variables estimator to identify the causal effect …

on German linked survey and administrative data. To study the causal relationship between unemployment and multiple … effects of job loss are long-lasting, growing more profound the longer the duration of unemployment and persisting following …